People and Civilizations of the Americas

People and Civilizations of the Americas An ancient civilization called Mesoamerican of the Maya developed a written language which enabled scribes to record the important actions of rulers and military events. One of the scribes was called the Mayan Scribe. The Mayan Scribe used a complex writing system to record religious concepts and memorializes the actions of their kings. Lady WacChanil-Ahau, the Maya princess, mounted a litter decorated with rich textiles and animal skins. The Mayans had a urban center called Dos Pilas. Lady Wac-Chanil-Ahau’s destination was the Maya city of Naranjo, where she married a powerful nobleman. Her marriage was eliminated when the regions major military power Caracol, had defeated Naranjo. K’ ak Tiliw Chan Chaak, the son of Lady Wac-Chanil-Ahau, ascended the throne of Naranjo as a five-year-old in 693 C. E . Chaak was a prodigious builder, leaving behind an expanded and beautified capital as part of his legacy. He erected numerous carved stone monuments called stelae celebrated her life. The defeat of the city-states of Tikal and Naranjo by Caracol undermined long-standing commercial and political relations in much of southern Mesoamerica and led to more than a centaury of conflict. Caracol was challenged by the dynasty created at Dos Pilas by the heirs of Lady Wac-Chanil-Ahau. The two shared culture and religion, the great Maya cities stayed divided by the dynastic ambitions of their rulers and by the competition for resources. The people of the Americas were in constant competition for resources as the story of Lady Wac-Chanil-Ahau’s marriage and her role in the development of the Maya dynasty suggested them. Member’s elites organized their societies to meet these challenges, even as their ambition for greater power predictably ignited new conflicts. No single set of political institutions or technologies worked in every environment, and enormous cultural diversity existed in the ancient Americas. Mesoamerica, which is Mexico and northern Central America and the Andean region extraordinarily productive and diversified agriculture. Cities were built that rivaled the capital of the Chinese and Roman Empire in size and beauty. The rest of the hemisphere, indigenous peoples adapted combinations of hunting and agriculture to maintain a wide variety of settlement patters, political forms, and cultural traditions. All cultures and civilizations of America experienced cycles of expansion and contraction as they struggled with the challenges of environmental changes, population growth, social conflicts and war.

The Host Chapter 44: Healed

â€Å"Wanda†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"We don't have time. I'd do it myself, but I can't get the angle right. There's no other way.† â€Å"I don't think I can†¦ do it.† â€Å"For Jamie, even?† I pushed the good side of my face as hard as I could against the headrest of the passenger seat and closed my eyes. Jared was holding the rough fist-sized stone I'd found. He'd been weighing it in his hand for five minutes. â€Å"You just have to get the first few layers of skin off. Just hide the scar, that's all. C'mon, Jared, we have to hurry. Jamie†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Tell him I said to do it now. And make it a good one. â€Å"Mel says do it now. And make sure you do it hard enough. Get it all the first time.† Silence. â€Å"Do it, Jared!† He took a deep breath, a gasp. I felt the air move and squeezed my eyes tighter. It made a squishing sound and a thud-that was the first thing I noticed-and then the shock of the blow wore off, and I felt it, too. â€Å"Ungh,† I groaned. I hadn't meant to make any sound. I knew that would make it worse for him. But so much was involuntary with this body. Tears sprang up in my eyes, and I coughed to hide a sob. My head rang, vibrated in aftershock. â€Å"Wanda? Mel? I'm sorry!† His arms wrapped around us, pulled us into his chest. â€Å"‘S okay,† I whimpered. â€Å"We're okay. Did you get it all?† His hand touched my chin, turned my head. â€Å"Ahh,† he gasped, sickened. â€Å"I took half your face off. I'm so sorry.† â€Å"No, that's good. That's good. Let's go.† â€Å"Right.† His voice was still weak, but he leaned me back into my seat, settling me carefully, and then the car rumbled beneath us. Ice-cold air blew in my face, shocking me, stinging my raw cheek. I'd forgotten what air-conditioning felt like. I opened my eyes. We were driving down a smooth wash-smoother than it should have been, carefully altered to be this way. It snaked away from us, coiling around the brush. I couldn't see very far ahead. I pulled the visor down and flipped open the mirror. In the shadowy moonlight, my face was black and white. Black all across the right side, oozing down my chin, dripping across my neck, and seeping into the collar of my new, clean shirt. My stomach heaved. â€Å"Good job,† I whispered. â€Å"How much pain are you in?† â€Å"Not much,† I lied. â€Å"Anyway, it won't hurt much longer. How far are we from Tucson?† Just then, we reached pavement. Funny how the sight of it made my heart race in panic. Jared stopped, keeping the car hidden in the brush. He got out and removed the tarps and chains from the bumper, putting them in the trunk. He got back in and eased the car forward, checking carefully to make sure the highway was empty. He reached for the headlights. â€Å"Wait,† I whispered. I couldn't speak louder. I felt so exposed here. â€Å"Let me drive.† He looked at me. â€Å"It can't look like I walked to the hospital like this. Too many questions. I have to drive. You hide in the back and tell me where to go. Is there something you can hide under?† â€Å"Okay,† he said slowly. He put the car into reverse and pulled it back into the deeper brush. â€Å"Okay. I'll hide. But if you take us somewhere I don't tell you to go†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Oh! Melanie was stung by his doubt, as was I. My voice was flat. â€Å"Shoot me.† He didn't answer. He got out, leaving the engine running. I slid across the cup holders into his seat. I heard the trunk slam. Jared climbed into the backseat, a thick plaid blanket under his arm. â€Å"Turn right at the road,† he said. The car was an automatic, but it had been a long time and I was unsure behind the wheel. I moved ahead carefully, pleased to find that I remembered how to drive. The highway was still empty. I pulled out onto the road, my heart reacting to the open space again. â€Å"Lights,† Jared said. His voice came from low on the bench. I searched till I found the switch, then flicked them on. They seemed horribly bright. We weren't far from Tucson -I could see a yellowish glow of color against the sky. The lights of the city ahead. â€Å"You could drive a little faster.† â€Å"I'm right at the limit,† I protested. He paused for a second. â€Å"Souls don't speed?† I laughed. The sound was only a tad hysterical. â€Å"We obey all laws, traffic laws included.† The lights became more than a glow-they turned into individual points of brightness. Green signs informed me of my exit options. † Take Ina Road.† I followed his instructions. He kept his voice low, though, enclosed as we were, we could both have shouted. It was hard to be in this unfamiliar city. To see houses and apartments and stores with signs lit up. To know I was surrounded, outnumbered. I imagined what it must feel like for Jared. His voice was remarkably calm. But he'd done this before, many times. Other cars were on the road now. When their lights washed my windshield, I cringed in terror. Don't fall apart now, Wanda. You have to be strong for Jamie. This won't work if you can't do that. I can. I can do it. I concentrated on Jamie, and my hands were steadier on the wheel. Jared directed me through the mostly sleeping city. The Healing facility was just a small place. It must have been a medical building once-doctors' offices, rather than an actual hospital. The lights were bright through most of the windows, through the glass front. I could see a woman behind a greeting desk. She didn't look up at my headlights. I drove to the darkest corner of the parking lot. I slid my arms through the straps of the backpack. It wasn't new, but it was in good shape. Perfect. There was just one more thing to do. â€Å"Quick, give me the knife.† â€Å"Wanda†¦ I know you love Jamie, but I really don't think you could use it. You're not a fighter.† â€Å"Not for them, Jared. I need a wound.† He gasped. â€Å"You have a wound. That's enough!† â€Å"I need one like Jamie's. I don't know enough about Healing. I have to see exactly what to do. I would have done it before, but I wasn't sure I'd be able to drive.† â€Å"No. Not again.† â€Å"Give it to me now. Someone will notice if I don't go inside soon.† Jared thought it through quickly. He was the best, as Jeb had said, because he could see what had to be done and do it fast. I heard the steely sound of the knife coming out of the sheath. â€Å"Be very careful. Not too deep.† â€Å"You want to do it?† He inhaled sharply. â€Å"No.† â€Å"Okay.† I took the ugly knife. It had a heavy handle and was very sharp; it came to a tapered point at the tip. I didn't let myself think about it. I didn't want to give myself a chance to be a coward. The arm, not the leg-that's all I paused to decide. My knees were scarred. I didn't want to have to hide that, too. I held my left arm out; my hand was shaking. I braced it against the door and then twisted my head so that I could bite down on the headrest. I held the knife's handle awkwardly but tightly in my right hand. I pressed the point against the skin of my forearm so I wouldn't miss. Then I closed my eyes. Jared was breathing too hard. I had to be fast or he would stop me. Just pretend it's a shovel opening the ground, I told myself. I jammed the knife into my arm. The headrest muffled my scream, but it was still too loud. The knife fell from my hand-jerking sickeningly out from the muscle-and then clunked against the floor. â€Å"Wanda!† Jared rasped. I couldn't answer yet. I tried to choke back the other screams I felt coming. I'd been right not to do this before driving. â€Å"Let me see!† â€Å"Stay there,† I gasped. â€Å"Don't move.† I heard the blanket rustling behind me despite my warning. I pulled my left arm against my body and yanked the door open with my right hand. Jared's hand brushed my back as I half fell out the door. It wasn't a restraint. It was comfort. â€Å"I'll be right back,† I coughed out, and then I kicked the door shut behind me. I stumbled across the lot, fighting nausea and panic. They seemed to balance each other out-one keeping the other from taking control of my body. The pain wasn't too bad-or rather, I couldn't feel it as much anymore. I was going into shock. Too many kinds of pain, too close together. Hot liquid rolled down my fingers and dripped to the pavement. I wondered if I could move those fingers. I was afraid to try. The woman behind the reception desk-middle-aged, with dark chocolate skin and a few silver threads in her black hair-jumped to her feet when I lurched through the automatic doors. â€Å"Oh, no! Oh, dear!† She grabbed a microphone, and her next words echoed from the ceiling, magnified. â€Å"Healer Knits! I need you in reception! This is an emergency!† â€Å"No.† I tried to speak calmly, but I swayed in place. â€Å"I'm okay. Just an accident.† She put the microphone down and hurried around to where I stood swaying. Her arm went around my waist. â€Å"Oh, honey, what happened to you?† â€Å"So careless,† I muttered. â€Å"I was hiking†¦ I fell down the rocks. I was†¦ cleaning up after dinner. A knife was in my hand†¦Ã¢â‚¬  My hesitations seemed like part of the shock to her. She didn't look at me with suspicion-or humor, the way Ian sometimes did when I lied. Only concern. â€Å"You poor dear! What's your name?† â€Å"Glass Spires,† I told her, using the rather generic name of a herd member from my time with the Bears. â€Å"Okay, Glass Spires. Here comes the Healer. You'll be fine in just a moment.† I didn't feel panicked at all anymore. The kindly woman patted my back. So gentle, so caring. She would never harm me. The Healer was a young woman. Her hair, skin, and eyes were all a similar shade of light brown. It made her unusual looking-monochromatic. She wore tan scrubs that only added to that impression. â€Å"Wow,† she said. â€Å"I'm Healer Knits Fire. I'll get you fixed up directly. What happened?† I told my story again as the two women led me down a hallway and then through the very first door. They had me lie down on the paper-covered bed. The room was familiar. I'd been in only one place like this, but Melanie's childhood was full of such memories. The short row of double cabinets, the sink where the Healer was washing her hands, the bright, clean white walls†¦ â€Å"First things first,† Knits Fire said cheerfully. She pulled a cabinet open. I tried to focus my eyes, knowing this was important. The cabinet was full of rows and rows of stacked white cylinders. She took one down, reaching for it without searching; she knew what she wanted. The small container had a label, but I couldn't read it. â€Å"A little no pain should help, don't you think?† I saw the label again as she twisted the lid off. Two short words. No Pain? Was that what it said? â€Å"Open your mouth, Glass Spires.† I obeyed. She took a small, thin square-it looked like tissue paper-and laid it on my tongue. It dissolved at once. There was no flavor. I swallowed automatically. â€Å"Better?† the Healer asked. And it was. Already. My my head was clear-I could concentrate without difficulty. The pain had melted away with the tiny square. Disappeared. I blinked, shocked. â€Å"Yes.† â€Å"I know you feel fine now, but please don't move. Your injuries are not treated yet.† â€Å"Of course.† â€Å"Cerulean, could you get us some water? Her mouth seems dry.† â€Å"At once, Healer Knits.† The older woman left the room. The Healer turned back to her cabinets, opening a different one this time. This, too, was filled with white containers. â€Å"Here we are.† She pulled one from the top of a stack, then took another from the other side. Almost as if she were trying to help me fulfill my mission, she listed the names as she reached for them. â€Å"Clean-inside and out†¦ Heal†¦ Seal†¦ And where is†¦ ah, Smooth. Don't want a scar on that pretty face, do we?† â€Å"Ah†¦ no.† â€Å"Don't worry. You'll be perfect again.† â€Å"Thank you.† â€Å"You're very welcome.† She leaned over me with another white cylinder. The top of this one came off with a pop, and there was an aerosol spray nozzle underneath. She sprayed my forearm first, coating the wound with clear, odorless mist. â€Å"Healing must be a fulfilling profession.† My voice sounded just right. Interested, but not unduly so. â€Å"I haven't been in a Healing facility since insertion. This is very interesting.† â€Å"Yes, I like it.† She started spraying my face. â€Å"What are you doing now?† She smiled. I guessed that I was not the first curious soul. â€Å"This is Clean. It will make sure nothing foreign stays in the wound. It kills off any of the microbes that might infect the wound.† â€Å"Clean,† I repeated to myself. â€Å"And the Inside Clean, just in case anything has snuck into your system. Inhale this, please.† She had a different white cylinder in her hand, a thinner bottle with a pump rather than an aerosol top. She puffed a cloud of mist into the air above my face. I sucked in a breath. The mist tasted like mint. â€Å"And this is Heal,† Knits Fire continued, twisting the cap off the next canister, revealing a small pouring spout. â€Å"It encourages your tissues to rejoin, to grow the way they should.† She dribbled a tiny bit of the clear liquid into the wide cut on my arm, then she pushed the edges of the wound together. I could feel her touch, but there was no pain. â€Å"I'll seal this up before I move on.† She opened another container, this one a pliable tube, and then squeezed out a line of thick, clear jelly onto her finger. â€Å"Like glue,† she told me. â€Å"It holds everything together and lets the Heal do its job.† She wiped it over my arm in one swift pass. â€Å"Okay, you can move that now. Your arm is fine.† I held it up to look. A faint pink line was visible under the shiny gel. The blood was still wet on my arm, but there was no source anymore. As I watched, the Healer cleaned my skin with one quick pass of a damp towel. â€Å"Turn your face this way, please. Hmm, you must have hit those rocks just exactly wrong. What a mess.† â€Å"Yes. It was a bad fall.† â€Å"Well, thank goodness you were able to drive yourself here.† She was lightly dripping Heal onto my cheek, smearing it with the tips of her fingers. â€Å"Ah, I love to watch it work. Looks much better already. Okay†¦ around the edges.† She smiled to herself. â€Å"Maybe one more coat. I want this to be erased.† She worked for a minute longer. â€Å"Very nice.† â€Å"Here's some water,† the older woman said as she came through the door. â€Å"Thank you, Cerulean.† â€Å"Let me know if you need anything more. I'll be up front.† â€Å"Thanks.† Cerulean left. I wondered if she was from the Flower Planet. Blue flowers were rare-one might take a name from that. â€Å"You can sit now. How do you feel?† I pulled myself up. â€Å"Perfect.† It was true. I hadn't felt so healthy in a long time. The sharp shift from pain to ease made the sensation more powerful. â€Å"That's just how it should be. Okay, let's dust on a little Smooth.† She twisted the last cylinder's top and shook an iridescent powder into her hand. She patted it into my cheek, then patted another handful onto my arm. â€Å"You'll always have a small line on your arm,† she said apologetically. â€Å"Like your neck. A deep wound†¦Ã¢â‚¬  She shrugged. Absentmindedly, she brushed the hair back from my neck and examined the scar. â€Å"This was nicely done. Who was your Healer?† â€Å"Um†¦ Faces Sunward,† I said, pulling the name from one of my old students. â€Å"I was in†¦ Eureka, Montana. I didn't like the cold. I moved south.† So many lies. I felt a twist of anxiety in my stomach. â€Å"I started out in Maine,† she said, not noticing anything amiss in my voice. As she spoke, she cleaned the blood from my neck. â€Å"It was too cold for me, too. What's your Calling?† â€Å"Um†¦ I serve food. In a Mexican restaurant in†¦ Phoenix. I like spicy food.† â€Å"Me, too.† She wasn't looking at me funny. She was wiping my cheek now. â€Å"Very nice. No worries, Glass Spires. Your face looks great.† â€Å"Thank you, Healer.† â€Å"Of course. Would you like some water?† â€Å"Yes, please.† I kept a grip on myself. It wouldn't do to bolt the glass down the way I wanted to. I wasn't able to stop myself from finishing it all, though. It tasted too good. â€Å"Would you like more?† â€Å"I†¦ yes, that would be nice. Thank you.† â€Å"I'll be right back.† The second she was out the door, I slid off the mattress. The paper crackled, freezing me in place. She didn't dart back in. I had only seconds. It had taken Cerulean a few minutes to get the water. Maybe it would take the Healer just as long. Maybe the cool, pure water was far away from this room. Maybe. I ripped the pack off my shoulders and wrenched the drawstrings open. I started with the second cabinet. There was the stacked column of Heal. I grabbed the whole column and let it clatter quietly into the bottom of my pack. What would I say if she caught me? What lie could I tell? I took the two kinds of Clean next, from the first cabinet. There was a second stack behind the first of each, and I took half of those, too. Then the No Pain, both stacks of that. I was about to turn back for the Seal, when the label of the next row of cylinders caught my attention. Cool. For fevers? There were no instructions, just the label. I took the stack. Nothing here would hurt a human body. I was sure of that. I grabbed all the Seal and two cans of Smooth. I couldn't press my luck any further. I closed the cabinets quietly and threw my arms through the straps of the pack. I leaned against the mattress, making another crackle. I tried to look relaxed. She didn't come back. I checked the clock. It had been one minute. How far away was the water? Two minutes. Three minutes. Had my lies been as obvious to her as they were to me? Sweat started to dew up on my forehead. I wiped it away quickly. What if she brought back a Seeker? I thought of the small pill in my pocket, and my hands shook. I could do it, though. For Jamie. I heard quiet footsteps then, two sets, coming down the hall.

My hobbies Essay

Badminton is my favourite sport. It is the fastest racket game in the world. It is played with rackets and a shuttlecock. There are six main shots: the serve, the clear, the drop, the smash, the forehand drive and the backhand drive. The court on which badminton is played is in the shape of a rectangle and is divided in half by a net. I started playing badminton when I was old enough or strong enough to swing the rackets. I love racket sports, especially badminton because badminton involves a lot of running, stopping, and changing directions, it is very easy to become tired while playing. A high level of physical fitness is required for a person to play several games continuously. I usually last only about two games. After two games I usually just stand on the court, rather than running to get the shuttle. It’s in my blood but I rarely play anymore. Where I live now, it’s hard to find a partner to play with. One of my favourite hobbies is calligraphy. Learning proper calligraphy has been top of my to-do list for ages. Learning calligraphy will give you a much more intimate sense of each letter and it will help you to learn how to manipulate each one or many together to create a beautiful composition.The principal tool for a calligrapher are the pen, which may be flat- or round-nibbed, and the brush. For some decorative purposes, multi-nibbed pens, steel brushes can be used. Ink for writing is usually water-based and much less viscous than the oil based inks used in printing. High quality paper, which has good consistency of porosity, will enable cleaner lines. I am not that good at calligraphy still; I try to practice the strokes and curves in my leisure time. I believe that life is a learning experience and being able to recognize our own strengths and weaknesses can help us become better individuals in anything we choose to do, whether it is positive abilities and skills that can help achieve our goals or negative personal areas that need improvement. Knowing yourself and what you can do, can help you recognize and overcome your weaknesses. One of my greatest strengths is that I am flexible person. I know how to adapt according to atmosphere. My positive attitude never fails me. I also enjoy having a good impact on peoples’ lives and  giving people a reason to smile. I am able to drift deep in thought and start imagining things basically anytime. I am interested in learning from others and my own mistakes easily. I can handle myself in difficult situation by sweet communication with patience. My weaknesses are that I am not expressive. I am someone who tends to shrink from social contacts and becomes preoccupied with my own thoughts. Stage fright is my biggest weakness. I am a person who shares less with others and tries to resolve problems by over thinking. I also over think even simple and minor things and end up complicating them. That is the downside of having too much alone time.

Business Management (Introduction to Management and Organisations ) Essay

Business Management (Introduction to Management and Organisations ) - Essay Example The management of change is really essential for the effective and useful results. The change happens for the enhancement of the potential working and structure enhancement. These potential enhancements can be physical or logical. During the change the business leader needs to pay effective attention towards the management of changes. Change management is the practice throughout which we can organize the transforms/changes of a system during its development or implementation. Change management saves organizations from the ongoing changes during the project execution. For this purpose they establish a predefined model or framework for the incorporation of some practical changes or modifications in the project (Nickols, 2008). When administrators or managers are scheduling to handle change, there are five main and most significant factors regarding the handling of change, these factors need to be kept in mind by change managers (Teamtechnology, 2009): One most important sense of the change management is to the formulation of changes in an intended and systematic or orderly way. The most important reason of change is to add additional efficiency and latest techniques and arrangements in an ongoing organization. The transformation to be directed lies inside and is proscribed through the business (possibly the most recognizable example of this type of transformation is the â€Å"change control management† phase of IT system improvement developments.) (Nickols, 2008).  Despite the fact that, these inner transformations can have activated through activities initiated outside the business, in what is frequently expressed as â€Å"the atmosphere.† Consequently, the subsequent sense of administration transform, particularly, the respond to changes in excess of which the business workout small or no management (for example public and political

Reflection paper on the film awakenings with Robin Williams Essay

Reflection paper on the film awakenings with Robin Williams - Essay Example +complete visual field has been offered by Dr. Sayer by painting the floor tiles. Lucy Fishman was one of the victims of the dangerous disease. The key objective of the doctor was to move Lucy from her bed to the window. The double vision symptom of the disease enables victims to create an instantaneous perception of dual images of a solitary object (Young 181). Visual field of the floor tiles has created two visions that helped Lucy to gently stride near the window. Music is pivotal therapy for patients to nullify the outcome of the disease. Encephalitis lethargica disease leaves certain patients motionless and speechless. Music can help victims to create change in the activity of cells to enhance the cellular responsive. Music is the method that helps to increase the cognitive process of an individual. The implementation of music improved the response to stimuli. The role of music for the betterment of the â€Å"frozen† people is undeniable. Emotional patients can be sensitive towards certain types of music. Each â€Å"frozen† people is studied for utilization of music. Different styles of music are played to dissimilar patients to induce. Songs that are from the past are played for the benefit of frozen people. Old music played for the patients helped to recognize the patter of music. This assisted â€Å"frozen† people to be consciously awake. Dr. Sayer stopped using L-dopa drug due to its adverse impact on â€Å"frozen† people. The use of this drug can make patients violent and effectively worsen the situation. Violent patients sometimes attack the doctors. At initial stage the use of drugs benefited patients to nullify the impact of the disease. The ability to perform task provided normally and motor movement of the patients were enhanced by the application of L-Dopa drug. But after regular use of this drugs made frozen people more aggressive and violent. Eventually patients returned in to catatonic and normal state. After epidemic of

Economics in the World Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Economics in the World - Essay Example Between 2003 and 2006, trade in goods within these countries doubled. GCC states’ share of world trade increased to 2.7% from 1.9% during the same period. Total exports of goods in 1990 stood at USD 86 billion, but increased to USD 110 billion by the end of the 1990s. In 2006, total exports rose to USD 422 billion. In terms of imports, total imports were at USD 48 billion in 1990, and increased to USD 82 billion by the end of the 1990s. By 2006, the imports in the GCC states were at USD 238 billion. In 2006, the difference between imports and exports was 184 billion. The main consumer of GCC states’ exports is Asia, while the European Union accounts for nearly one third of the imports to the GCC states. In 2006, exports to Asia from the GCC states stood at 60%, with Japan accounting for 21% of the exports. Saudi Arabia and other Gulf states emerged as key global players in the first decade of the twenty-first century. This development facilitated by the enormous resources and capital that was accumulated by these countries in the course of the second oil boom experienced in the year 2002-2008. Through theinfluence of their resources, these countries started reshaping the economy of the world. This influence was more eminent in the wake of the 2007-2008 economic crisis. Partnerships with countries such as China, Russia, East and South Asian nations, and India diverted the Gulf States’ focus further eastwards (Ulrichsen 118). The global share of natural gas and oil is anticipated to increase by 5% by 2020 from 28% which was recorded in 2000. With most of these resources going to the Asian market, the GCC states will most likely increase their diversification and widen their economic interdependencies for the Asian market. According to statistics, 40% of the increase in global oil and natural gas consumption was traced to China from 2004 and 2007. In 2009, China’s import of oil from Saudi Arabia surpassed that of the United States

How can Bilingualism socially and cognitively benefit children Research Paper

How can Bilingualism socially and cognitively benefit children - Research Paper Example Bilingualism has always been a favorite subject of researchers, educators and policy makers in aspects of the social, cognitive, developmental and learning capabilities that are affected by the bilingual abilities of an individual. It had long been considered by many scholars that bilingualism serves as a barrier to the learning abilities and literacy development of children. They had believed for a long time that bilingualism served as a hindrance and children who were monolingual showed better development and learning abilities as compared to the bilinguals. However, the opinions regarding bilingualism have changed drastically as compared to the notions and myths that prevailed throughout most of the 20th century (Bhattacharjee 2012). Although the brain has to handle both the languages and it might obstruct the development of one lingual capability as compared to other, but the researchers are bringing out the positive picture of this scenario. It is popularly believed now that bil ingualism promotes the cognitive function of children and also enhances their social capabilities in various aspects. Bilingualism is a norm around the world and millions of people are familiar with more than one language and also use them in their everyday lives. However, as mentioned earlier, bilingualism has been associated with lack of learning abilities and lagging behind as compared to the monolinguals. Skills like music and mathematics are considered to strengthen the brain’s function and learning abilities, however, language is considered as something â€Å"that occupies mental space† (Ng & Wigglesworth 2007). It had been considered that the brain only has a finite amount of space for the languages and too much acquisition with various languages causes confusion, lagging behind and slow learning abilities. It was considered that bilingualism has detrimental effects on cognitive abilities of children.

The Economic Development of Eastern Asia Countries and the State Essay

The Economic Development of Eastern Asia Countries and the State Intervention - Essay Example Economists attribute the success of the Eastern Asian region to a number of factors and models. Interventions put together by individual States have also had roles to play in the economic development of the region. This essay therefore reviews the economic development of Eastern Asia countries and the State Interventions. Models Accounting for Economic Development in Eastern Asia A number of economic models have been instrumental in the economic development of most countries of the world. Indeed, economic development is not achieved by coincidence or by chance. Countries all over the world, including Eastern Asia countries have had to depend on one economic model at one point in time or the other. Some of these models have been discussed below. Generally, the models are different from the state interventions in the sense that whereas the economic models refer to a collective number of economic strategies, the state interventions refer to specific plans implemented to solve specific e conomic problems. This is to say that models work on long term basis whereas interventions work on short term basis. Factors of Production The International Monetary Fund put labour, capital and technology together and refer to them as factors of production (Sarel, 1996). The region of Eastern Asia shifted a lot of focus on its economic growth strategy into improving the human capital base, making capital available and advancing in technology. This way, not only did it take advantage of its large population (Asia is the most populated continent in the world) but also equipped the population to have the needed skills to lead the new world of industrialization. In some circles of the economic world, debate has always raged as to which of the factors of production to give prominence to in the economic development model. But clearly, all three factors are interrelated and equally important. Empowering human resource through education is an effective way of ensuring that population growt h does not become a curse but a blessing. As Asia and Eastern Asia for that matter is one of the world’s most populated regions, if efforts are not made to resource the human capital with requisite skills and knowledge to play contributing roles in the economic drive, the populace would become a liability instead of an asset. It is also when the populace are adequately skilled that they can made judicious use of the capital and technology that is pumped into the economy. Macroeconomic Stability The region adopted a model of macroeconomic stability instead of microeconomic growth. Microeconomic stability could not have been adopted as a model because it focuses more on short term economic relief than long term strategies. In their quest to achieving this, the economic climate of the region was positioned in a way that ensured that inflation was kept low, real exchange was made stable and competitive and government budgets deficit and foreign debts were kept within acceptable r ange. The long term impact that these policies on the macroeconomic state of the region was that it created very conducive working for investors to choose the Eastern Asian trade corridor instead of other trade corridors. As these investors established their businesses, employed citizens of Eastern Asia countries, paid taxes and undertook social intervention projects, the economic growth of the

STRENGTHS & WEAKNESSES Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

STRENGTHS & WEAKNESSES - Essay Example It turns employees into expert specialists since there is division of labor. However, it also has its weaknesses since people in this structure tend to approve all type of communication as they pass all hierarchies. If the hierarchy is rigid, there is lack of autonomy since hire-ups are required to approve decisions and they may be far from the customer. Ferreira (2009) suggests that there may arise interdepartmental rivalry as they grow in size and this may result in favoritism that benefits departments and not the institutions. Uher (2009) explains that the concept of boundaryless organization has had an impact in the global world since they are not limited to vertical, horizontal, or external boundaries that are usually predetermined. The cross functional teams dissolves their horizontal barriers and the external alliances transcend the firm boundaries together with their relationships. This enables the company to respond fast to environmental changes and be able to spearhead innovation .This boundaryless environments are found in learning organizations where teams self organize and create an environment where knowledge is easily shared in effective

Business Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 4

Business Ethics - Essay Example Businesses are created for the main purpose of generating profits. It is an accepted fact that business owner’s or stakeholders have every right to expect profits from organisations they support. In the desire to realise the goals of organisations and satisfy stakeholders, sometimes businesses choose to indulge in or turn a blind eye to corrupt or unethical business practices taking place within their workforce or conducted by their business partners. Business ethics  theories  are often adopted by organisations seeking to curb practices that are deemed as corrupt. They usually have moral principles that organisations can implement to make sure that all the workers operating in the company conform to accepted codes of behaviour (Bartlett 2003).  Business managers can make use of the ethics  theories  that they deem as being most appropriate for the implementation of different ethical strategies. There are several business ethics theories that are used in todayâ€℠¢s business scene. The rights theory in business ethics endeavors to address ethical dilemmas by taking into account the fundamental human rights that all living people are entitled to (Bredeson and Goree 2011). Essentially, every person has the right not to harm another person. For the most part, businesses around the world observe this law. However, there are circumstances where organisations ‘appear to refuse’ to obey this law when they choose to cooperate with corrupt governments. For instance, in the recent past, the global multinational beverage company, Coca-Cola, has faced negative attention due to its continued association with Swaziland’s absolute monarch, King Mswati III. According to the Swaziland Solidarity Network, Coca-Cola contributes to almost 40% of the small southern African’s nation’s GDP. Critics have stated that if the beverage company’s executives pressed King Mswati III to cater to the needs of his citizens instead of accumulating more wives, luxury vehicles, and real estate at the cost of the national economy, Swaziland would begin to recover. In this case, Coca-Cola could be accused of indirectly abusing the rights of Swaziland’s citizens (Clegg, Kornberger and Rhodes 2006). The modern rights business ethics theory is deontological in character. This theory seeks to affirm that there is a particular answer for every ethical problem. The most common structure of deontological theory is that which draws on God’s word for moral obligations (Garriga and Mele 2004). Where the subject of organisational ethics is concerned, this could involve revealing corrupt practices of an organisation due to personal beliefs of the importance of exposing wrong doers. Whistle blowers, however, often endanger their working lives when they reveal information that proves the corruptness of their employers (Weiss 2008). Even though in developed nations like the United States, there are laws such as the Sa rbanes-Oxley Act allows workers to file claims in accusation of corrupt employees, it is still hard for workers to turn against their organisations due to many reasons, the least of which is not the fear that they will be dismissed or ignored (Husted and Salazar 2006). The justice theory of business ethics seeks to affirm that every worker has a basic right to human liberties (Torres 2005). In a way, this is somewhat similar to what is stipulated by the rights theory with the exception that the justice theory mainly deals with the rights of the lowest classes of workers. For instance, in an organisational setting, this means that the workers who do the difficult physical work should be treated with the same respect as the business executives who work out of their big offices (Smith 2007). Many labour unions around the world argue for the implementation of the justice theory in functions such as corporate decision making in modern businesses (Felsher 2005). Utilitarianism, as a busin ess ethics theory, is the polar opposite of the justice theory. This is because it argues for the entire society’

Harold Lasswell Essay Example for Free

Harold Lasswell Essay Harold Lasswell, political scientist, defines politics as a power struggle about who gets what, when, and how. David Easton defines politics as an allocation of resources. David Easton defines politics as the authoritative allocation of values or scarce resources. These resources are divided in three general types. Describe these types. The three resources are: 1. Political resources: This resource refers to the country’s power, prestige, and status, backed by their military power.  They are called scarce resources because they are looked at in the hierarchical arrangement in the world order. 2. Economic resources: This resource includes the state’s financial resources (wealth, annual national income, supply of capital, and investment opportunities), industrial and agricultural production, and natural resources (oil, coal, water, and mineral resources). These are also scarce resources as well such as Oil and Water. We must consider we can do without Oil but not Water.  It is possible we might see water wars likely in the 21st century. 3. Social and cultural resources: This resource is related, not directly, to the global struggle for power (The struggle to compete for and reach dominance in an organization, a state, a region of the world, or the whole world). Unlike the other two resources, these resources are scarce and unequally distributed around the globe. As if you were a policy decision maker, recommend to your President which of these resources the government should focus on acquiring. As a policy decision maker, I would recommend to my President to utilize all three resources. I really believe I would tell the President to be more accountable with all the resources. I would recommend to our President to choose the Economic resource first. I chose this first because of our country is facing at this moment are tremendous hardships. Because we did not get ourselves in this situation, we are facing what the previous President’s decision and we are cleaning up now. Discuss how you can achieve the maximum allocation for the resources you choose. I really believe that I would have done by taxing all like the President has. I would also give back like he has done by giving back 5% of his income. All the congress would have to give back 5% of their income. I would cut back on the costs of entertaining that goes on within the White House. The traveling costs and the entertaining would have to balance each other out. The second that I would choose Education and jobs as well as healthcare is my next goal. I would make sure the Veterans and the Seniors as well as the people who are disable.

Deconstruction of an Advertisement Essay Example for Free

Deconstruction of an Advertisement Essay Each day we are inundated with thousands of advertisements which contribute to shaping and defining our world views. As a capitalist society ads are crucial to attract the attention of the consumer. They are everywhere, whether it be a billboard, a commercial or a radio announcement, advertising reaches out and touches almost everyone living in our modern world. The effectiveness of an advertisement campaign has a huge influence on the purchaser. Ads are carefully constructed to appeal to the consumer in order to sell a product and to make a profit. An effective ad appeals to the emotion of the consumer as â€Å"80% of decisions are influenced by dormant emotions in the subconscious. †( ) through the ingenious construction of ad campaigns a consumers purchases are greatly influenced. The CK one ad campaign for the Calvin Klein brand is an excellent of the example of the thought and assembly needed in order to create an effective advertisement. Through the deconstruction of the CK one ad found in the April 2011 issue of Elle Canada it will be shown why the ad was created, how it’s used to grab the attention of its target audiences, and the use of hidden messages and social issues that are being expressed. The target audience of the CK One ad is clearly directed towards women as it appears in a magazine called Elle! Elle Canada has a 90% female readership ( ) whose ages generally range from a younger segment to a middle segment (18 to 34 and 35 to 54). Elle Canada has a large age demographic due to the fact that their articles encompass a broad audience and the magazine contains ads that focus on the younger market as well as advertisements focusing on middle aged women. Although Elle Canada has a large readership age range, the CK One ad seems to be targeting more directly the 18-24 and 24-35 age range. The advertisement incorporates a focus on social media and a ‘rebellious’ look which is often directed towards the younger market. Young people who are still questioning authority and who are still defining themselves will see the dark eye makeup and lassiez-fair ‘detached’ attitude of the model and feel attracted to the ad. Furthermore the ads target audience is aimed towards 18-34 year olds because it uses ‘technology’ to capture the audiences attention. The model is ‘trapped’ in the CK One box and in order to get in the box, the bottom left hand corner of the ad tells you that you can â€Å"Download the App at CKONE. COM†. The ad is definitely towards the 18-34 age group because ‘getting in the CK box’ with a rebellious young woman is ridiculous notion unless you’re a young person with very little responsibility. Finally, although the spending power of the older age groups is greater (Diversity: Targeting the Ever-Changing Marketplace, p35) it is trendy to market to and advertisers remain youth obsessed. The targeted income level for this advertisement seems to be for those from the middle-middle, or upper-middle class. Calvin Klein is an iconic American brand that is moderately expensive and is featured in respected magazines. The median income of and Elle Canada reader is around $70 000 ( ) therefore is it logical to assume that Calvin Kline is directing its ads at those who are willing to spend a little more. This advertisement would also be directed towards the Emulator-Achiever or Emulator groups. Emulators are young and impressionable people who will buy products to help them fit in (Duncan, p75). Emulators would be attracted to this ad because it offers the chance to fit in and join the CK One box; all you have to do is download the app! On another note, this ad would also be directed towards Emulator-Achievers because this group feels more comfortable with uptown brands such as Tiffany, Gucci or Stella Mcarthy and Calvin Klein is a very well known and respected American Brand. This brand offers prestige and it fits in with typical ideas of American wealth. Finally it appears that this advertisement is slightly more targeted for Caucasian’s. The model is Caucasian and there isn’t a single background model or object indicating the inclusion of any other racial groups. Although minorities represent a huge market and are predicted to exceed 1. 5 trillion in buying power, ( Diversity: targeting the ever changing market) Calvin Klein still uses mainly Caucasian models. Despite the fact that the ad features a white woman it could still be directed to a variety of racial groups because the model doesn’t necessarily represent a stereotypical white american girl; almost anyone can be a rebellious youth regardless of your ethnicity. Although her beauty and figure represent the social ideal her ebellious look is not necessarily the ‘norm’ and therefore enables more people to relate to it. Determining the target audience enables us to better interpret and understand the construction of an advertisement. Based on a target market, advertisers use eight main elements to create an ad that speaks to the heart. Ads that create emotional appeal are based on these eight elements; models, setting, copy, sound, color, point of view and details (Dun can, p77). In terms of the CK One ad, the model that was chosen was a young white attractive looking female. The model is in black lingerie and she is in a sexual pose. There is a hyper-sexualization of the model as her cleavage is very prominent and being pushed up against her bra. The models hair and makeup are messy with a ‘bed head’ look which suggest rebelliousness and late night partying which is considered both fun and exciting. Finally the facial expression of the model suggests a sexual and confident attitude. More over the model is very slim and her skin is flawless, her face is clear and her hair is blonde. The ‘perfection’ of the models skin and face reflect the ideals of society. Despite the models dark makeup and ‘bed head’ look she is our societies ideal with her blonde hair and beautiful figure. These ideals that the ad is promoting are completely unrealistic for the average female and it creates body image issues and warps both female and males idea about what an average person should look like. Furthermore through the continual use of impossibly beautiful models our society becomes body obsessed and through this many women and men experience body image issues. The CK One ad has been specifically and ingeniously positioned to promote the preferred reading. Most notable is the is the models physical position within the ad; her body, more specifically her cleavage, is framed between her hands which are pressed against the screen. The positioning of the models hands also frames the word, fuck, which has been discreetly positioned within the ad. The F is seen by the table which is cut off by the models buttocks, the U is seen in the models cleavage and the CK is to the right of the model, at chest level. Furthermore, through the technical code of camera angles the model is close-up with a slight low angle. These technical codes suggest power and intimacy with the model. The Ck One ad could be promoting their products by relating the suggested feelings of power and sexuality with the purchase of the product. The oppositional reading who be through a critical point of view that it is impossible to obtain any type of lasting feeling with a purchase of a material item. As for the captions, they are the only thing that has any coloring which draws attention to them. The most noticeable caption in big bold lettering that says CK One _Jeans_Underwear_Fragrance_ which is right next to the models cleavage. This caption is necessary to inform the reader what is being advertised because the model is only wearing plain black underwear it would be likely to assume that it was the only product. On the bottom left-hand corner of the Ad is says â€Å"Get in the CKONE box Download the app at CKONE. com† this caption really allows us to tie in the key concepts of the ad. The Calvin Klein ad also employs a font that ads to the incorporation of digital media. Lastly the fifth line of writing on the bottom left-hand corner says â€Å"Scan Ad to Reveal More† which could be referring to the hidden message (the word fuck) within the ad. Through the captions is it’s very clear that this Calvin Klein ad is trying to incorporate digital media and sex with the purchase of there products. In terms of the coloring of the advertisement, it is very unique because it supposed to represent screen to a computer or gaming device. The coloring is mostly black and white apart from the bright green which is used to draw attention to the captions. The color green is generally a calming color which represents wealth and well-being however it can also be used to symbolize envy or jealousy. The use of green indicates that Calvin Klein is a desired brand. Furthermore the green coloring is also placed just above the models forehead, this use of specific placement of the color could indicate 1st level cropping in which a models forehead is removed. By covering the top part of the models head with a different color advertisers objectify the model and remove any signs of her intelligence. On another note, the lighting that is used is artificial however it ties in with the setting. The setting is white relatively bare room, which is the ‘Ck One box’. The only furnishings are a stool, a table, two wooden boxes and game console. There is also a door with a visible knob; this indicates that the model is trapped in the ‘box’, however it is an exclusive place that you can get into- if you purchase the product and download the app. However this is where the oppositional reading come in; through the download of an ‘app‘ you will not enter the Ck one box you will not become a gorgeous model. The Ck One ad is trying to promote digital media therefore the bare setting could be used to represent whats behind your screen when you download the app. The limited settings also enable us to focus more closely on the model and the attitude she is giving. Gender representation also plays a key role the preferred reading of this Ad. Although the model is selling lingerie there is an irrelevant sexualization of the model ( Duncan, p. 46) The bra and panties that are being advertised are relatively plain and not the focal point of the ad; instead the ad is marketing the models body. The models cleavage is pouring out of her bra which actually distracts the audience from the bra itself, instead readers are led to believe that this lingerie will help them have the ‘perfect’ body. Furthermore, as mentioned previously, the ad also includes dismemberment. The presence of the green color above the models forehead which suggests objectification. Also the models legs are cut off below the knee which causes the reader to mostly focus on the core body of the model. This greatly objectives the model and females as a whole in advertising. Furthermore, there is also a bit of clowning present because majority of people do not stand in such a contorted position as the stance of the model. Although the model isn’t necessarily in a foolish or silly position her stance certainly is unnecessarily contorted in order to appear more sexual. These gender representations lead to the final conclusion that women are sexual objects to be looked at and played with (Duncan p. 48) All the elements used to construct the ad lead us to the general meaning of the ad: Sex. The meaning is so clear that it is even explicitly written within the ad. The models ‘look’ establishes the preferred reading. The preferred interpretation is that through the purchase of the CK One clothing line you will gain confidence and become sexually appealing while being fun and rebellious. Advertisers use body obsession and female insecurities to help sell products because through the preferred reading consumers believe that will look like the model through the purchase of the product (Duncan p14-15). This leads to us the oppositional reading, it is completely impossible and unrealistic to think that through the purchase of a product you will automatically you will automatically become beautiful and sexualy appealing. The reality is that most photographs of models have been retouched and realistically even the models dont look as good in real life. Calvin Klein has always used a variety of controversial ads ranging from pictures of a half-naked Kate Moss to an ad featuring young children wearing only Calvin Klein underwear. Shock advertising is used in order to generate more press and more profits. The Ck One is not an exception with its use of the subliminal message featuring the word fuck it is a clear example of shock advertising. Ultimately the theme of the ad comes down to rebellious sex. The CK One ad uses a variety of different elements in order to sell its products. First it employs the use of stereotypical gender representations. Although the model is in a ‘powerful’ position as she is staring directly at the camera and looking slightly downwards, she still in an overly sexual stance with very little clothes on. The models brain has been covered with a different color giving off the impression that she is laking intelligence. The model is beautiful and has a ‘perfect’ body. The advertisers played upon female insecurities and there desire for perfection in order to attract customers and make a profit. Another aspect that the advertisers used to attract attention to the ad was the rebellious look and the incorporation of digital media. The ad gives false promises that through the purchase of Calvin Klein clothing you will be a sexy, young rebel who fits in to the CK One box. Consumers should alway be aware of the image a brand is trying to portray and the affect it has on its target audience. Advertisers are trying to sell a message and our consumer society should be aware of how the advertisements shape and impact our everyday lives.

The Topic Of Feminism And Womens Rights History Essay

The Topic Of Feminism And Womens Rights History Essay Nellie McClung was born Nellie Letitia Mooney, in Chatsworth, Ontario, Canada on October 20th, 1873 to a Scottish Presbyterian mother and an Irish Methodist father. She was the youngest of six children; at the age of six, she would move to Manitoba with her family. She would end up spending the duration of her life in western Canada. From a very young age, McClung showed an acute awareness and interest in the issue of female equality. In her autobiography entitled Clearing in the West, McClung cites the story of attending a picnic in her hometown of Winnipeg in 1882. The city had suffered from tremendous flooding and a collapse of the real estate market, and to uplift the morale of the community, a picnic was organized. The organizers of the picnic arranged for organized sports where there would be races held for the boys. The young McClung desperately wanted to participate in the race and hoped that there would also be races held for young girls. She stated, The whole question of gi rls competing in races was frowned on. Skirts would fly upward and legs would show! And it was not nice for little girls, or big ones either to show their legs. I wanted to know why but I was hushed up. It was that type curiosity and questioning of the status quo that marked McClungs life and would ultimately lead her to demand female equality. As an adolescent, McClung would go on attend school for a period of five years until she was fifteen. When she was sixteen she completed her teachers training and was hired to work in the small town of Manitou which is located in the southwest of Manitoba. Throughout her career as a teacher she would make a conscious effort to allow her female students to partake in sports alongside their male counterparts. This was an important time in her life; while in Manitou she would board with the Reverend James McClung and his wife Annie. Annie played an extremely influential role in the life of Nellie; Annie McClung was the president of the local chapter of the Womens Christian Temperance Union and it was Annie who encouraged Nellie to participate in social activism. McClungs was also influenced by her Christian faith and her love for education. It was those two influences along with the influence of Annie McClung that would ultimately lead her to associate with the Womens Christian Temperan ce Union. Coincidently, Annie would also become Nellies mother in law as Nellie would marry her son Robert Wesley McClung. . Nellie was very close to Annie and in her autobiography she stated that Annie was the only woman I have ever seen whom I would like to have as a mother-in-law. Nellie McClung would marry Robert Wesley McClung in 1896. By all accounts they had a very successful and loving marriage. Robert always supported Nellie and encouraged her to carry on in her struggle for female equality. They would go on to have five children. In addition to being a mother and a social activist, Nellie was also a best selling author and journalist. As a young girl, her brother Will gave her a series of novels written by the great English author Charles Dickens. They quickly became her favorite reading; she admired Dickens as a writer and was also greatly impressed by the social critiques that Dickens wrote about. The influence that Dickens had on the life of McClung was clearly evident in her autobiography in which she stated that she wished to do for the people around me what Dickens had done for his people. I wanted to be a voice for the voiceless as he had been a defender of the weak McClung would go on write over sixteen novels, in addition to numerous short stories and poems. What she stood for and What she Accomplished Nellie McClung embraced a number of causes including but not limited to: temperance and then prohibition; female equality and suffrage, the involvement of women in politics, and even the ordination of women in church. Even though there are many contemporary historians who criticize first wave feminists for evoking the ideology of maternal feminism, it would not be accurate to simply label McClung as only a maternal feminist. While it is true that she often evoked womans moral superiority over men she took different approaches at different times in her life, and used both maternal feminism and universal equality as arguments to advance the status of women. Also, one has to keep in mind the social environment that existed at the time period. One of the major tasks of a historian is the ability to empathize with the subject being studied. A historian has to be able to get at the mentality and the psyche of the people or time period being studied. During the early nineteenth century, a womens rights activist could not be expected to rely on the principle of universal equality of the sexes to bring about the advancement of women. Also, the idea of maternal feminism is not unique to Canadian female activists. Similar tactics were used in America, Britain, and even in as distant a country as Russia. One of the earliest causes that Nellie McClung embraced was that of temperance. As has already been stated, Nellie was introduced to the cause by her mother in law Annie. Annie was the president of the local chapter of the Womens Christian Temperance Union. From a young age Nellie experienced the negative effects that alcohol had on the family. She saw numerous husbands and fathers drinking away the family wages to the detriment and neglect of their wives and children. Men would often come home in a drunken state and physically abuse their spouses and/or their children. Battered women were in a state of legal helplessness as they were considered dependants of their husbands and did not possess any property rights. Nellie McClung began to champion the cause of temperance and eventually outright prohibition. Nellies involvement with the Womens Christian Temperance Union eventually led to her involvement with the Political Equality League. One of Nellie McClungs most endearing qualities was that she possessed great foresight. She understood that prohibition was only part of the problem. McClung strongly believed that women needed the right to vote. She felt that without the right to vote, women lacked the political clout necessary to influence politicians to enact legislation that would remedy the problems of both alcohol abuse and spousal abuse. It was because of this that Nellie expanded her social activism to include not just prohibition, but also womens suffrage. McClung belonged to two different groups that both worked for womens suffrage, they included the Canadian Womens Press Club and the Political Equity League. Her most prominent opponent was the Premier Rodmond Roblin of Manitoba who, like most men in his day, felt that women did not belong in the public sphere. He even went so far as to use the rhetoric of maternal feminists against them saying: Does the franchise for women make the home better?My wife is bitterly opposed to woman suffrage. I have respect for my wife; more than that, I love her; I am not ashamed to say so. Will anyone say that she would be better as a wife and mother because she could go and talk on the streets about local or dominion politics? I disagree. The mother that is worthy of the name and of the good affection of a good man has a hundredfold more influence in moulding and shaping public opinion round her dinner table than she would have in the marketplace. Nellie McClung and her fellow suffragettes did not lose hope. On January 27, 1914, they approached the Manitoba legislature to present their case. They were quickly rebuked by Premier Roblin, His speech was so illogical and nonsensical that Nellie was actually delighted. She continued to campaign for the womans vote. She staged a play and a mock parliament called the Womens parliament in which she showed just how illogical the position of the Premier was. She had the audience in stitches with her use of humor and sarcasm. To Nellies delight, Premier Roblin was removed from office because of an unrelated political scandal and was replaced by a Premier who was much more supportive of womens rights. Like many politicians, once in office the new Premier T.C Norris changed his position and said he could only bring in the female vote, if the suffragettes were able to demonstrate that there was sufficient support for their position. Nellie McClung responded by presenting a petition with ove r 40,000 signatures of her supporters. On January 27, 1916 the Bill for Enfranchisement of Women was passed and women in Manitoba were granted the right to both vote, and run for office. Nellie was also successful in her campaign for prohibition as prohibition would come into effect in the province of Alberta on July 1, 1916 as a result of a non-binding referendum or plebiscite. Another important accomplishment for McClung was the famous Persons case. When Nellie was born in 1873 she was not a person under Canadian law. That meant that a woman possessed few legal rights and even fewer property rights. In early 1928, the Supreme Court of Canada ruled that the word person in section 24 of the British North America Act did not include women. Nellie McClung along with four other women who came to be known as the Famous Five petitioned the government to expand the legal definition of Persons. They appealed to the Privy Council of London to overturn the ruling of the Supreme Court. On October 18, 1929 the Privy Council ruled in favor of the women and expanded the definition of Persons to include women. That allowed women to serve as members of the Senate of Canada. In 1921, Nellie McClung would go on to run for election as a member of the Liberal Party of Alberta. She was successful in her bid, but the Liberals were defeated by the United Farmers of Alberta Part y. McClung would end up serving in the Legislative Assembly for a period of five years. One aspect of Nellies social activism that is often overlooked was her support for eugenics and a broader sterilization program. Nellie was an ardent supporter of eugenics which literally means well-born. Eugenicists believed that they could improve society by instituting a process called selective breeding. Nellie McClung and other eugenicists believed that people with physical and/or mental disabilities should not be allowed to procreate and that they were not entitled to have children. Because of the ill-conceived efforts of eugenicists such as Nellie McClung, the province of Alberta passed The Sexual Sterilization Act in 1928. Following the passing of that piece of legislation, a province-wide sterilization campaign was launched in which thousands of women were sterilized. Research indicates that many women who were sterilized did not even possess any genetic defects. Research also indicated that a disproportionate amount of teenage girls and aboriginal females were the ones who were targeted for sterilization. It was unfortunate that someone who was so involved in social activism should have such an enormous blemish tarnish her legacy. In Nellies defense, eugenics was a dominant social theory at the time, and while that may serve as a mitigating factor, it does not excuse her actions. Nellie constantly fought against the status quo and social norms, it seems unfathomable that she would support such a despicable cause. Notwithstanding Nellie McClungs shortcomings, she was a remarkable woman. She was not only a wife and mother, but she was also a journalist, a politician, and a social activist. This essay was not even able to cover the full scope of Nellies activism. In addition to fighting for prohibition, womens suffrage, and womens legal equality, Nellie was also highly involved in campaigns to improve working conditions in factories, and also in allowing the ordination of female ministers in the church. Nellie was also a distinguished author; she published numerous novels, short stories, poems and other literary works. While critics may criticize her for her evoking the ideology of maternal feminism and for her support of eugenics, one has to take into account the mentality of the time period. Nellie was a product of her environment, and she was undoubtedly influenced by her surroundings. Nellie McClung deserves to be remembered as one of the greatest Canadians to have ever lived.

How to Play Hockey Essay -- essays papers

How to Play Hockey Ice Hockey is believed to have begun during the Middle Ages, when northern Europeans played games on makeshift ice skates. The French explorers who watched the Indians, who would also play this stick and ball game, called it "hoquet". Before beginning to play hockey you must know the rules of the game. A hockey team consists of a goal tender, two defenders, and three forwards ( a center and two wings ). Hockey is played in three twenty-minute periods. The team that hits the most pucks into the opponent's goal wins. The game is played in an ice-covered rink shaped like a rectangle. Wooden walls about three or four feet high surround the rink. At each end is a cage, or goal which the players try to hit the puck into. They hit the pucks with wooden or graphite sticks with curved ends. The puck is a disc-like object made of black rubber. In order to begin the game each player must be appropriately dressed. A hockey uniform consists of a series of pads and a helmet to protect you from the lighting fast pucks, the rock hard ice floor and of Course the aggressive players. The helmet is the most important thing to wear. It protects your head in case of a direct impact like airbags protect your head from hitting the dash in a car. There are many brands and sizes to choose from. The most reliable and well known is a company called "Bauer." The size usually depends on the shape and measurements of your head. The next impo...

Ancient Romes Contribution to Western Civilization Essay -- essays re

Ancient Rome has contributed to the development of Western Civilisation. Ancient Rome was a sophisticated country that helped us build up this society that we now live in ? Western Civilisation by lending attributes that have made our world into what it has become. The government of Ancient Rome was (one of) the first to be created. If Romulus had not set down laws and chosen people to govern Rome, we would probably be all living in a very different way now. Also, Ancient Roman architecture has influenced buildings being built today. Lastly, the Ancient Roman language of Latin is the base of most English words. Government is extremely important in a country, because without it, all hell would break loose, and wrong doers would receive no punishment. Romulus was one of the first to make rules and laws and to make up government. Even though laws have changed a lot since then, in terms of equal rights etc., Romulus created the fundamentals in running a peaceful country. Ancient Rome was mainly either a democracy or a republic in its existence. Today, the majority of Western countries...

Kants Theses: Unknowability and Non-Spatiotemporality :: Kant Argumentative Argument Papers

Kant's Theses: Unknowability and Non-Spatiotemporality In the present paper is analyzed the relationship between Kant's theses concerning unknowability and non-spatiotemporality of things in themselves. First of all, it is argued that even by taking for granted that the Unknowability Thesis does not contradict the Non-Spatiotemporality Thesis, because the former can be thought as a consequence of the latter, this is not enough to avoid another problem, namely, that the Non-Spatiotemporality Thesis is not sufficient to abolish the possibility of thinking consistently of space and time as empirical or material. It is also remembered that this point has already been partially envisaged for the first time by H.A. Pistorius (and later by A. Trendelenburg) and raised as the objection of the "third possibility" or "neglected alternative." Furthermore, it is maintained that although Kant tries to eliminate this possibility in the Metaphysical Expositions of Space and Time (but not in the Antinomies), by attempting to prove that space and time ar e only formal necessary conditions of sensibility, he cannot do it successfully. Hereafter it is argued that his circumstance is not due to the above objection itself, but to another difficulty that can only be grasped through the analysis of Kant's main argument in the Metaphysical Expositions of Transcendental Aesthetic. Ultimately, in order to show this difficulty, it is argued first that insofar as the Non-spatiotemporality Thesis supposes the validity of the Singularity Thesis, and this supposes the validity of the Apriority Thesis, the whole force of proof reposes on this latter. Secondly, it is shown that, despite his effort, Kant could not justify satisfactorily his claim to the formal apriority of space and time because of his failure to demonstrate necessarily the Apriority Thesis. We have already given a detailed account of this question in another place, (1) so that here we will try to explain only one of the main arguments. The reason why we have chosen the following one among the others reposes on the fact that it involves an almost unperceived supposition on Kant's part, whose possible implications we would like to explore. The first thing to be said is that Kant says we cannot know the things as they are in themselves, because in this case they would be essentially neither spatial nor temporal ones. We could surely ask: how can Kant say that, while maintaining simultaneously the Unknowability Thesis? How can he say that things in themselves are neither spatial nor temporal, if he admits that they are unknowable for us?

Agriculture in the Amazon Rainforest Essay

Throughout a hundred centuries people have worked hard to sustain productive agriculture and dense human populations. Certain forms of agriculture are possible, and should be considered sustainable, for the economic development of tropical rainforests. For thousands of years humans have created a disturbance in the rainforests by creating areas of concentrated diversity of species within the landscape. The Indigenous people of the Amazon fostered palm forests, groves of Brazil nuts and fruit trees, and vine forests near ancient Amazonian settlements. Environmentalists could argue that rainforests can be â€Å"saved† by through the restriction of economic growth, but it is vital to realize that the local communities will not approve parks and reserves, as it is in their interest to conserve the rainforest. The shifted cultivator who forces small farmers into the forest to begin new farmlands causes about 60% of deforestation in Amazon. Researchers have warned if we continue to change the use of the land it can affect the region’s climate, and the absorption of carbon dioxide in the Amazon. By converting forests into cropland there is a pronounced ecological and climate impact than land conversions because it involves the complete removal of land biomass, including tree trunks, stumps and woody roots. † (Mike Bettwy of NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center). A better approach to addressing the increasing problem of deforestation in the Amazon is to follow the methods that have been used by indigenous forest dwellers for thousands of years. Many cleared forest areas used for agriculture can be salvaged by cultivation techniques. Annual crops, pasture land, are some examples of what can be done to increase agricultural productivity and to reduce the destruction in many rainforests. Effects of human population on the Ecosystem Over 20% of the Amazon Rainforest has been destroyed, in addition to the Amazon Rainforest is gone forever. Unfortunately with human population, the Amazon Rainforest has had effects with loss and harm to the population of wild species. A lot of the land is being clear for cattle ranches, mining operations, logging and subsistence agriculture. According to Raintree (1996) â€Å"Experts estimates that we are losing 137 plant, animal and insect species every single day due to rainforest deforestation. That equates to 50,000 species a year. As the rainforest species disappear, so do many possible cures for life-threatening diseases. Currently, 121 prescription drugs sold worldwide come from plant-derived sources. While 25% of Western pharmaceuticals are derived from rainforest ingredients, less that 1% of these tropical trees and plants have been tested by scientists. If this was happening in 1996, we can only imagine that in 2012 it is so much worst. Sustainability and Conservation Overpopulation causes many problems to the Amazon rainforest. More than 20% of Earths oxygen is produced in this area. As the area is reduced more carbon dioxide will be found the atmosphere. Carbon dioxide is important to this issue because plants need it to give off oxygen, which humans need to survive, not only for oxygen but also for food and nutrition for out health. Carbon dioxide is not necessarily a bad thing unless a large amount pollutes the air we need to breathe. Not only can overpopulation of the Amazon affect the air we breathe, but it will also affect the wildlife, water, and food we need to survive. There are over 200 species of trees in on hectare of the Amazon. This is important because there are so many possible cures for life threatening diseases. The Amazon is home to mare species of plants and animals than any other terrestrial ecosystem on the planet. Some interesting animals live in the Amazon and a lot of them are very rare. For example, a new species of freshwater fish, brown-spider monkey and a frog called â€Å"cowboy frog†, were some of the amazing animals discovered in the Amazon. The animals found in the Amazon are endless. It is amazing the new discoveries that have happened over the years and the new ones to come. The animals in the Amazon have live there longer that humans have lived on this planet. The Amazon is one of the largest natural resources and with overpopulation more and more rainforest are becoming non-existent.

Financial Aid is Not Always the Answer Essay

The United States is known for getting involved in affairs that does not concern them all in the name of foreign policy. Nonetheless, its stance regarding its foreign policies have undoubtedly helped other nations especially those economically-challenged at the same time serving the US’ own interest. However, its policy in relation to Armenia and the so-called Armenian Genocide is nil to the least. As it is the United States’ aim to help Armenia, it has not yet officially recognized that the Armenian Genocide indeed occurred. Admittedly, democracy in Armenia is still a work in progress and it still has a long way to go especially now that elections are set this year. The United States despite its hesitation to fully acknowledge the atrocities committed by the Turks in 1915 and even until now against the Armenians, can nevertheless help in aiding Armenia and put a stop to the Armenian genocide. There is no easy way but to go head on. The first step would be to appoint and send an Ambassador that fully knows and understands the situation and plight of the Armenians. When John Evans, Ambassador to Armenia used the word â€Å"genocide† in public to describe the deaths of some 1. 2 million Armenians at the hands of the Ottoman Turks, this prompted a controversy that eventually cost Evans his job. Although none of the Ambassadors, other than Evans has affirmed and recognized the Armenian genocide during Senate confirmation hearings, it is imperative that the members of the diplomatic corps or nominees for the ambassador post must recognize and understand as well as refer to the Armenian genocide. Once this is done, other forms as well as policies of aiding will soon follow. Nonetheless, it cannot be denied that despite the aids sent by the United States, totaling to $75 million seemed to be not working at all. In fact, instead of going back to their national homeland, Armenians have left the country, including the 30 percent of its working population. The country is wrought with corruption and poverty and despite the immense aid provided from foreign sources, the country seems like it has just recovered from the genocide. Hence, in order to help the Armenians, change must start from within the country because admittedly even if foreign aid would still continue, it would still be useless considering that the money for aid sent is not used for the growth of the country. The United States has supported the Georgians and the Ukrainians in their quest for change in their respective countries. If it will support, even encourage the Armenians in its quest for a revolutionary and peaceful change, through its policies, perhaps it could help the Armenians who are still languishing in poverty and corruption. Therefore, the financial aid that it is providing for the Armenians is not the way to aid the Armenians and the victims of genocide. It is to help them shape their internal policies and shape the country into a clean and habitable homeland. The bottom line for this is: if we really want to help the Armenians and the victims of genocide, then it is imperative that we recognize what happened in 1915 as it is – genocide in the least. The Armenian Genocide undoubtedly has prompted the first large-scale international human rights movement in the United States and financial aid is not just enough, we have make sure that this does not happen again, not only in Armenia but in other countries as well to which the United States has vested interests.

Cult Films Essay

Eccentric, offbeat, weird, ‘unique’ and catering to esoteric tastes of a particularly small group and number of individuals, cult movies or cult films are the exact opposite of the blockbuster, hollywood and hollywood-type mainstream feature films being screened in major movie houses today. Cult movies usually acquire a ‘cult following,’ groups of individuals whose particular tastes and interests fall under the film’s wing. Classic cult films which come to mind are that of Stanley Kubrick’s controversial A Clockwork Orange (1971), Francis Ford Coppola’s anti-Vietnam war movie Apocalypse Now (1979), Ridley Scott’s loose interpretation of a Philip K. Dick novel, Blade Runner (1982), and the quintessential cult classic The Rocky Horror Picture Show (1975) by Jim Sharman. While cult films range from a variety of genres such as crime, suspense, science fiction, horror and so on, some cult films are deemed uncategorizable and exist in a ‘genre’ which could only be labeled as such: cult. The cast of characters which appear in most cult films are barely known to the general viewing public. These are artists who are in the initial stages of their careers, others gaining a certain degree of fame and recognition from the said cult movie, and on few occasions, a select number of renowned actors and actresses gracing the part of often particularly quirky and outrageously and/or obscuredly sketched characters in an equally obscure and eccentric setting and environment. The most recent cult films of today range from the local independent, to foreign movies packaged for different countries, to even top grossing movies well received by the mainstream movie viewing populace but regarded as a cult movie because of its ability to garner a particular group of dedicated following, which it would seem is growing in numbers, an example of such a cult movie is George Lucas’ Star Wars. The cult movie of today has taken a different form, although catering to esoteric tastes, these movies have also garnered a significant amount of mainstream appeal. Such is the case with Quentin Tarantino’s Kill Bill, received by a greater number of following subsequent to his first cult flick, Pulp Fiction, which seemed to have revolutionized and brought considerably significant amount of impact to the aspect of film making as it deals with aesthetic, style and content. The apparent ‘trashy’ content and material which critics refer to in Tarantino’s film approach reflects and probably sums up cult ideologies and what cult movies are generally about. The movie viewing populace of today is becoming less discriminate and blurring lines of that of the ‘cult’ and ‘mainstream’ movies, and viewing these films for what they are, a pastiche of shared beliefs, opinions, ideologies and meanings as interpreted by a director who subscribes to individuality and captured on over an hour or so of reel and screen time. It may or may not reflect the particular persuasions and leanings of the general populace and the rest of the masses, but as long as it applies to one individual, and an esoteric few, it makes every amount of difference. References â€Å"Cult Films. † Film Site. Org. Tim Dirks. (2007) Retrieved 12 December 2007 â€Å"Top 50 Cult Films. † Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved 12 December 2007 â€Å"Top Cult Films. † Dermansky, Marcy and Fauth, Jurgen. Retrieved 12 December 2007 .

Wireless network management

The 802.11 protocol is defined for a wireless LAN (Local Area Network) and is based on a cellular architecture in which the network is divided into cells where each cell (called a Basic Service Cell (BSS)) is controlled by a base station called an Access Point (AP).The basic access mechanism implemented in the protocol is a Carrier Sence Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA). The CSMA protocol works as follows:Â   if a station wishes to transmit information through it network, it senses the medium. In case the medium is busy (another station in the network is currently transmitting information) then the station will delay its transmission requests to a later time. Otherwise, the medium is free and the station is allowed to transmit the desired information.The problem with the CSMA protocol is the case where a collision occurs. A collision may occur if two different stations sense the medium as free and begin to transmit information. For this purpose, we use a collision avoidance mechanism: a station willing to transmit senses the medium. If the medium is busy, it defers its request.Otherwise, it sends an RTS (Request To Transmit) which includes the source, destination and the duration of the transaction. If the medium is free then the destination station will respond with a packet called CTS (Clear To Send) which will include the same duration information and once the source station receives this packet, it starts to transmit. The destination station checks the CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check) and sends an acknowledgment package (ACK).Receiving the ACK informs the source station that no collision had occurred. If the source station does not receive the ACK it will keep resending the data or will throw it away after a given number of retransmissions.When a station wishes to join an existing BSS, it needs to receive synchronization information from the BSS’s AP. First, the station needs to go through the AP’s authentication process. Durin g this process, the station and the AP exchange information proving to each other that each side is familiar with a specific password.

Impact of Technology Essay

Every day we cannot live without technology. We wake up in the morning, we take a bath, we have breakfast, we do our daily activities, and all are affected by something called technology. From the simplest form of it until the most complex one, technology filled our daily life. The famous phrase â€Å"Information Technology† of course is one of the forms of technology. Before we continue talking about technology, we must know its definition. Shortly, technology is something related to science and engineering, which is used by the human or other creatures in dealing with their environment, to make their life easier. The technology develops fast. From the ancient age to the modern age, there are billions of its products that have made our life easier. In prehistoric age, the ancient human created the tools made of stone. They also invented the wheel, which is very important to the next centuries. Imagine that there weren’t any invention of wheel. We must give a lot of energy to move our goods from one place to another. Many centuries later, there are a lot of important inventions for human’s life, such as the invention of telephone. Using it, we may communicate through long distances. And the latest technology which has given many changes to the world and is still being developed is the information technology. The development of technology gives some impacts to human beings and the other creatures. The positive impact is, it makes our life easier. Without the inventions of technology, I think we would live our lives just like the prehistoric men did. Technology, just like the other things in this world, also has negative impacts. I’ll give you three examples. First, technology takes out the filters, like social filter, cultural filter, and religious filter. We can see in Internet technology. Internet is a medium in which no filter and censorship. Without parental guidance, your children may consume inappropriate materials from the Internet. The second one is the decrease of your social skills. Too much usage of technology makes you more antisocial. In the past, children used to play traditional games with their friends outside the house. But now they prefer playing video games in their own room, all by themselves. The easy access of technology also makes you too dependent to it. In the past, our people had more memorizing skills. They had to memorize things, because there was no tool to use to record things, except notebooks (the original phrase of notebook, not the portable computer). But nowadays, by using the computer, you can save any information you want in its memory to retrieve it in another day. In advance, by using the Internet connection, you may search any information you need through any search engine like Google, Yahoo, Altavista instantly. Dealing with those negative impacts, what can we do? First, we must be aware of them. We must be aware that technology could also cause bad things. After that, we must give the people knowledge of those negative impacts and how to deal with them. The government also has to do some actions about this. They must give some regulations relating with the press and the media. It is just need to be done to protect our society, not to restrain the press. And then, to increase the social skills, we must create the real community; build the real network, makes friends in the real world, of course not in the cyber world. By doing that, it will take us back to our nature as social creatures.

Why i want to be a Nurse Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Why i want to be a Nurse - Essay Example After I graduated from paramedic school in 1997, I became an EMT paramedic and continued for a few years there. There, I realized that my career was grinding to a standstill as there was a limit to which I could learn and grow professionally. Further, I like challenges and the job duties and responsibilities there were not satisfying enough. Once I realized that I was hitting a ceiling of sorts, I decided to apply to join nursing school. I feel very comfortable being a healthcare provider and thus would like to state my professional goals as being part of the intensive care unit or surgical nursing. I have great regard for cardiac surgery and I would say that being in cardiac nursing would be immensely gratifying for me. Lastly, I would like to state that my experience as a paramedic has given me a solid foundation and my courses in the nursing school have helped me build on that. I have developed skills that would help me in being a nurse and I am fascinated by the healthcare sector and the knowledge that comes along with it. I look forward to a fulfilling career with your

In what ways do legal responsibility and professional accountability Dissertation

In what ways do legal responsibility and professional accountability differ Be sure to cite current literature in response - Dissertation Example 134). Accountability is described by Daniels (2004) as the act of assuming responsibility for one’s actions, which is an important method to demonstrate commitment to quality client care, thus being accountable for their judgments, decisions, and actions (p. 287). The accountability of a nurse goes beyond the client, and includes the family, colleagues, and the public. Because of the field’s organization, a nurse’s accountability depends upon the hierarchical structure he or she belongs to and the situation itself. Although nursing standards are not law, they possess important legal significance (Springhouse Corporation, 2004, p. 33), thus rendering nurses legal responsibilities. For instance, when a nurse fails to act according to set standards and thus harm the patient, the nurse can be involved in a lawsuit. Once proven that there is neglect or malpractice on the side of the nurse, then he or she is charged according to law. Conclusion The nursing profession n ecessitates both accountability and responsibility, wherein being accountable equates being responsible for one’s actions, and responsibility is congruent to the rightful practice of nursing standards. The two are interrelated and affect each other.

Martin Luther King, Jr Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Martin Luther King, Jr - Essay Example Organised a non-violent protest march which served to dramatise these ugly realities of America and emphasise the nature of true democracy. He delivers the historically famous speech: â€Å"I have a dream† and he says â€Å"black men as well as white men would be guaranteed the unalienable rights of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness†. This historical landmark highlighted the necessity of democracy that offered equal rights to all its citizens irrespective of their colour and race. The non-violent movement fought for this equality. Furthermore, he says, â€Å"Now is the tine to lift our nation from the quicksands of racial injustice to the solid rock of brotherhood. Now is the time to make justice a reality for all God’s children. ...all men are created equal†. So, the later part of the book starts so emphatically on the high note of equality and justice. It continues the same till 29th chapter. Racial inequality and brutality was commonplace. Notions about black were very common. But, to remove these misconceptions was the primary motive of the movement. He says, â€Å"We must use every constructive means to amass economic and political power. This is the kind of legitimate power we need. We must work to build racial pride and refute the notion that black is evil and ugly. But this must come through a program, not merely through a slogan†. Martin Luther King Jr. finds gaining political and economic power is the best way to gain what they wanted. â€Å"Black Power† was coined and put into currency. Civil rights was the motive. But, Martin Luther’s interpretation of the means to achieve Black Power was different from his contemporaries who considered militant ways. The negotiation was done so effectively that legal grounds are cited to justify the protest and March. The then Civil rights movement could have been one of the earliest instances of the voice of the voiceless, but it continues to this day in various forms, wherever prejudice or

Financial Analysis for Planet Fitness Assignment

Financial Analysis for Planet Fitness - Assignment Example es identified under after 42 in the 25th, 50th and 75th percentile in relation to the total annual turnover ranked Clubs were classified by the gross annual revenues in the order from lowest to highest(IBIS World, 2015). Also excluded are the data for enterprise clubs Planet Fitness which is holding as â€Å"outliers", that is, both the position of the worst performing companies (with a gross annual income of 471,219.05 $) and the Club of the most powerful (with an annual gross income of $ 3,649,651.37) (IBIS World, 2015). Especially achieved in terms of gross annual income of the best performing sector, the company does not believe that these results are typical of a Planet Fitness business (Hoover’s Inc, 2015). Membership Sales - EFT / Cash $ 1,189,094. The main source of income Planet Fitness club membership fees (IBIS World, 2015). Membership fees are usually paid in cash or by electronic funds transfer (EFT), and are usually paid monthly. A fitness center is also an additional profit obtained through an annual membership fee and annual maintenance fees. Membership shall remain constant, while the other offered periodically throughout the year. The "Black Card" is the permanent membership package;. It is a 12-month contract The "Black Card" is offered at $ 19.99 / month with an annual fee of $ 39 paid once a year requires June with the "Black Card" is free tanning included, drinks half price, free massage chair use access to another club Planet Fitness and the ability to host a free to bring his clubhouse (IBIS World, 2015). Advertising packages are offered at different times of the year and a franchisee is able to adapt the package to their club based on the benefits that come with the package (Taylor, 2014). Retail: $ 9.773. Add beverage sales, tanning lotions and glasses, Planet Fitness, clothing and helmet. Planet Fitness Photo of interior LiconTotal Income: $ 1,198,867 (Hoover’s Inc, 2015). Of the 42 corporate locations (1) 31 business websites (or